嗓音训练联合拳击动作治疗青春期假声的疗效观察

目的观察嗓音训练配合拳击动作治疗青春期假声的临床疗效。方法收集2016年1月—2019年6月在中南大学湘雅医院耳鼻咽喉头颈科就诊的青春期假声患者21例，均为男性患者，年龄16~35岁，病程1~20年。所有患者均表现为青春变声期或变声期后说话时音调偏高或用假声，杂音明显，偶有声嘶及破音，其中19例患者喉镜下表现为声带闭合欠佳。对患者采用嗓音训练联合拳击动作的矫治治疗，根据即时效果反馈，语训1~4次不等，每次1~2 h，以上过程均由专业语训师对患者进行指导及追踪。治疗前后采用动态喉镜及嗓音分析系统记录患者的喉镜下表现及嗓音声学参数，并进行对比分析，评估治疗效果。结果21例青春期假声患者发声基频（F0）较训练前均下降明显，其中18例患者基频恢复至成年男性正常水平，嗓音障碍指数(DSI)较前明显改善，最长发音时间(MPT)较前明显延长，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）； 19例声带闭合不全的青春期假声患者经治疗后声带闭合良好。结论嗓音训练配合拳击动作治疗青春期假声效果显著，有一定的临床应用价值。     

“龙虎交战”针法针刺八脉交会穴对偏头痛患者头痛天数及血清CGRP表达的影响＊

目的 观察“龙虎交战”针法针刺八脉交会穴对无先兆偏头痛（Migraine without aura，MO）患者头痛天数及外周血降钙素基因相关肽（Calcitonin gene related peptide，CGRP）表达水平的影响。方法 按照头痛程度将90例MO受试者区层随机分为治疗Ⅰ组、治疗Ⅱ组和对照组各30例。治疗Ⅰ组施以“龙虎交战”针法针刺八脉交会穴（外关和足临泣），治疗Ⅱ组施以平补平泻针法针刺八脉交会穴（外关和足临泣），对照组施以平补平泻针法针刺非经非穴点，每次留针30分钟，5次/周，共治疗20次。于治疗前、治疗结束4周后的随访分别记录三组患者头痛天数的变化情况以判定疗效，并采集患者治疗前、治疗结束4周后随访的肘部静脉血用ELISA法检测血清中的CGRP含量的变化。结果 ①各组治疗前患者的头痛天数无显著差异（Ｐ > 0.05），治疗Ⅰ组、治疗Ⅱ组和对照组治疗结束4周后随访的头痛天数较治疗前均显著降低（Ｐ < 0.05）；治疗Ⅰ组头痛天数的降低显著优于治疗Ⅱ组和对照组（Ｐ < 0.001），治疗Ⅱ组头痛天数的降低显著优于对照组（Ｐ < 0.05）；②3组治疗前CGRP的表达无显著差异，治疗Ⅰ组、治疗Ⅱ组治疗结束4周后随访CGRP的表达较治疗前均显著下降（Ｐ < 0.001），对照组治疗结束4周后随访CGRP的表达较治疗前差异无显著性（Ｐ > 0.05）；治疗Ⅰ组CGRP治疗结束4周随访的表达较治疗Ⅱ组和对照组均显著下降（Ｐ < 0.01），治疗Ⅱ组CGRP的表达较对照组显著下降（P < 0.01）。结论 ①八脉交会穴施以“龙虎交战”针法针刺能明显改善MO患者的头痛天数，同时降低MO患者血清CGRP的表达水平，这可能是针刺八脉交会穴治疗MO的机制之一；②非经非穴点的针刺效应无持续性，而八脉交会穴的针刺效应具有持续性；③八脉交会穴可以充分发挥复式针刺手法的治疗效应，提示我们在临床上治疗疾病时不仅要注意腧穴配伍，恰当的针刺手法更是提高临床疗效、事半功倍的关键。     

改良八珍糕治疗小儿厌食症43例

目的:观察改良八珍糕治疗小儿厌食症的临床疗效。方法:将86例小儿厌食症患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各43例。观察组患儿给予改良八珍糕,对照组患儿给予现有八珍糕。比较两组患儿的临床疗效及便秘改善情况。结果:观察组有效率为95.3%,对照组有效率为86.0%,两组患儿临床疗效比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组开始出现便秘时间为4.6 d,对照组为9.1 d;观察组便秘率为18.6%,对照组为51.2%,两组患儿便秘情况比较,差异均有统计意义(P0.01)。结论:改良八珍糕治疗小儿厌食症疗效明显,且可显著减少便秘的不良反应。     

固本通络电针法联合八脉交会穴针刺治疗气虚血瘀型糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效及对SOD、MDA、hs-CRP水平影响

目的:探讨固本通络电针法联合八脉交会穴针刺治疗气虚血瘀型糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效及对SOD、MDA和hs-CRP水平的影响。方法:选取我院收治的气虚血瘀型糖尿病周围神经病变患者60例,采用简单随机化原则分为两组,各30例。对照组给予八脉交会穴针刺治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予固本通络电针法治疗,对比治疗后的临床疗效、VAS评分、TCSS评分、神经传导速度及SOD、MDA和hs-CRP水平。结果:经过治疗后,治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者VAS评分和TCSS评分较治疗前均明显降低(P<0.05),且治疗组降低较多(P<0.05);两组患者MCV和SSCV较治疗前均显著升高(P<0.05),且治疗组升高较多(P<0.05);两组患者MDA、hs-CRP水平较治疗前显著降低,SOD水平显著升高(P<0.05),且治疗组改善程度较大(P<0.05)。结论:采用固本通络电针法联合八脉交会穴针刺治疗气虚血瘀型糖尿病周围神经病变具有较好的治疗效果,能改善SOD、MDA和hs-CRP水平,安全性较高,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Biomechanical investigation of two long bone growth modulation techniques by finite element simulations

Implants used to correct pathological varus–valgus deformities (VVD) and leg length discrepancies (LLD) may not be optimized for the specific treatment, as suggested by their off‐label use. Detailed analysis of this issue has been limited by the poorly understood mechanical behavior of the growing physis and ignorance of the loads acting on the implants. The aim of this study was to predict and compare the loading conditions of a growth modulation implant in VVD and LLD treatments. Idealized finite element (FE) models of the juvenile distal femur treated with the Eight‐Plate implant were developed for VVD and LLD. Bone growth was simulated using thermal strains. The axial force in the plate was compared between the two treatments. Case‐specific plate forces were predicted by virtually reproducing the screw deformation visible on radiographs of LLD (N = 4) and VVD (N = 4) clinical cases. The simple FE models reproduced the clinical implant deformations well. The resulting forces ranged from 129 to 580 N for the VVD patients. For LLD, this range was from 295 to 1002 N per plate, that is, 590–2004 N for the entire physis. The higher forces in LLD could be explained by restricted screw divergence in the double‐sided implant application. For the first time, the loading conditions of a growth modulation implant were investigated and compared between two treatments by FE analyses, and the range of case‐specific loads was predicted. These simulation tools may be utilized for guiding appropriate usage and for efficient development of implants. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1398–1405, 2018.

     

八段锦对2型糖尿病焦虑状态的影响

目的:观察八段锦对2型糖尿病患者焦虑状态的影响.方法:将141例2型糖尿病伴焦虑状态患者随机分为对照组70例和试验组71例.两组患者均给予常规糖尿病药物治疗,试验组另给予八段锦干预治疗.结果:试验组干预后焦虑自评量表评分、症状自评量表总分、生存质量特异性量袁评分和空腹血糖值均优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:八段锦对改善2型糖尿病患者焦虑状态有较好疗效.     

When disaster strikes in the ring: a 20-year study of head and neck injuries secondary to boxing

The purpose of this study was to explore the patterns of head and neck injuries secondary to boxing. We conducted a 20-year retrospective cross-sectional study using the National Electronic Injury Submission System (NEISS). We derived the predictor variables from both patient and injury characteristics. The principal outcome variable was the probability of hospital admission from the ED. We used bivariate analysis to determine if an association existed between two variables of interest. We created a multiple logistic regression model to model the probability of admission using all significant univariate predictors. The final sample consisted of 1,919 patients. Children were most likely to injure their heads (p < 0.01). Young adults were also most likely to injure their heads (p < 0.05). Adults were most likely to injure their faces (p < 0.01). Children were most likely to incur facial contusions (p < 0.01) and internal organ injuries (p < 0.01). Young adults were most likely to suffer concussions (p < 0.01). Adults were most likely to suffer lacerations (p < 0.01). Certain age groups were more/less likely to injure a particular anatomical site and more/less likely to incur a particular type of injury. Relative to young adults, seniors had an increased odd of admission. Head injuries had an increased odds of admission relative to mouth injuries. Fractures and internal organ injuries proved to be the most dangerous injuries.     

Medical care in unlicensed combat sports: A need for standardised regulatory frameworks

ObjectivesTo explore the provision of medical care at ‘unlicensed’, full-contact amateur and lower-level professional combat sports competitions in England.DesignQualitative, mixed methods.MethodsObservations totalling 200 h of fieldwork shadowing medical professionals at 27 individual combat sports events, alongside formal, semi-structured interviews with 25 medical professionals, 7 referees and 9 promoters/event staff.ResultsPractices and standards vary widely. Event organisers and promoters often have very little understanding of how different types of medical practitioners operate. They rarely, if ever, check that the staff they are hiring are qualified, sometimes resulting in unqualified staff being used to provide medical cover at events. Venues are often poorly equipped to accommodate basic medical procedures. Patient confidentiality is very often compromised. Medical professionals often have limited autonomy within the combat sports milieu and may find themselves marginalised, with their judgements overruled by non-medical staff during competitive events. Some practitioners are cognisant of the dangers such working environments pose to their professional reputations and livelihoods, but remain working within combat sports regardless.ConclusionsDespite pockets of good practice, the lack of standardised rules for medical care provision creates substantial risks to athletes, to practitioners and the standing of the profession. The development and implementation of standardised, enforceable regulatory frameworks for full-contact combat sports in England is urgently needed.     

“动-定序贯八法”治疗早期2型糖尿病30例疗效观察

目的 观察运用“动-定序贯八法”治疗早期2型糖尿病临床疗效.方法 将某院门诊2009年12月～2011年5月诊断为早期2型糖尿病的患者共90人作为研究对象,随机分为纯中药治疗组、拜糖苹对照组及单纯饮食运动对照组各30例,其中纯中药治疗组应用“动-定序贯八法”对患者进行辨证施治,各组均治疗6个月,观察治疗前后的有效率.结果 3组比较,纯中药治疗组有效率达到83.3％,拜糖苹治疗组有效率80％,两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).纯中药治疗组、拜糖苹治疗组均高于单纯饮食运动治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 运用“动-定序贯八法”治疗早期2型糖尿病疗效显著,可在临床中推广应用.     

Surgical interventions in a cohort of patients with haemophilia A and inhibitors: an experiential retrospective chart review

Strategies for the management of perioperative bleeding in patients with haemophilia and inhibitors have evolved rapidly as a result of the development of the bypassing agents Factor Eight Inhibitor Bypassing Activity, Anti-inhibitor Coagulant Complex (FEIBA) and activated recombinant factor VII (rFVIIa). However, there are currently no established guidelines for perioperative use of bypassing agents, and few controlled clinical studies have been carried out. Thus, case reports, such as those presented here, provide useful anecdotal evidence to guide the treatment of inhibitor patients. The purpose of this report was to describe experiences in the use of bypassing agents in a small cohort of patients with haemophilia A and inhibitors undergoing surgical procedures. Cases from five treatment centres were reviewed. Twenty-two procedures using FEIBA, rFVIIa or a combination of both agents were compiled from seven inhibitor patients (six with an alloantibody inhibitor and one with an acquired autoantibody inhibitor). Eleven procedures used FEIBA monotherapy, two employed rFVIIa monotherapy and nine were performed using combination therapy. Supplemental therapies were required to manage bleeding in some cases. Haemostatic control was achieved in all cases, and treatment regimens were generally well tolerated. One thrombotic adverse event was reported: evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was found after rFVIIa use in one case, although the direct cause of DIC was unknown. The experiences in this case review demonstrate that both major and minor surgical procedures can be safely performed in patients with haemophilia and high-titre inhibitors under the cover of bypassing agents, with a high expectation of success.